Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition characterized by numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes compressed or squeezed at the wrist within the carpal tunnel. This compression can result in discomfort, pain, and a decrease in hand function.

Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes compressed or squeezed at the wrist. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway formed by bones and ligaments at the base of the hand. Along with the median nerve, tendons also pass through this tunnel.

Mechanism:

The compression of the median nerve can occur due to various reasons:

1. Repetitive Movements: Continuous and repetitive movements of the wrist, such as typing on a keyboard or operating machinery, can contribute to inflammation and swelling of the tendons within the carpal tunnel, leading to compression of the median nerve.

2. Anatomical Factors: Some individuals may have a naturally narrower carpal tunnel or anatomical variations that predispose them to develop carpal tunnel syndrome.

3. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders, and pregnancy can increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome due to their association with nerve compression or inflammation.

4. Trauma or Injury: Acute injuries to the wrist, such as fractures or sprains, can cause swelling and compression of the median nerve, resulting in symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Symptoms:

The compression of the median nerve leads to a variety of symptoms, including:

• Numbness or tingling sensation in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger.
• Hand weakness, making it difficult to grip objects or perform fine motor tasks.
• Pain or discomfort that may radiate from the wrist up the arm.
• Worsening symptoms at night or during activities that involve flexing or extending the wrist, such as driving or holding a phone.

Treatment:

Treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome aim to alleviate symptoms and improve hand function. They may include:

1. Rest and Immobilization: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms and wearing a wrist splint to keep the wrist in a neutral position can help reduce pressure on the median nerve.

2. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.

3. Physical Therapy: Specific exercises and stretches can help improve wrist strength and flexibility, relieving pressure on the median nerve.

Overall, understanding the mechanisms and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome can help individuals recognize and manage this common condition effectively.